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A point mutation is a type of genetic mutation where the single nucleotide base pair is changes.
There can be a single nucleotide base which is changed, deleted or inserted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.
The proteins produced may be faulty proteins. The consequences can be moderately predictable based on the specificity of the mutation.
Example: Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell anemia and Tay-Sachs are some of the disease caused by point mutation.
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The theory of punctuated equilibrium states that evolutionary change is characterised by short periods of rapid evolution followed by longer periods of stasis in which no change occurs. ... To meet this challenge, evolutionary biologists attempt to describe how and why evolutionary changes accumulate over time
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B. Farmers can grow the crop using fewer chemical pesticides than traditional
crops.
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it's usually because they have no predators or very little
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Having no predators means a lot of growth for the organism. this can easily lead to extinction of other organism
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Pyrimidines
Uracil = 2,4-dioxy pyrimidine
Thymine = 2,4-dioxy-5-methyl pyrimidine
Cytosine = 2-oxy-4-amino pyrimidine
Orotic acid = 2,4-dioxy-6-carboxy pyrimidine
Polynucleotides
Nucleotides are joined together by 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds to form polynucleotides. Polymerization of ribonucleotides will produce an RNA while polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides leads to DNA.
https://library.med.utah.edu/NetBiochem/pupyr/pupy15.gif
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