By saying that "“The day of conquest and aggrandizement is gone by" Wilson is saying that it is time for a new world order, in which territorial conquest isn't the norm. Unfortunately he was proved wrong.
Part of Everything you need to know about Israel-Palestine ... Many Arabs saw the influx of Jews as a European colonial movement, and the two peoples fought bitterly
The period in the late 19th century that restored Imperial Rule in Japan is known as the Meiji Restoration this happened in 1868. Although Emperor Meiji was not the first Imperial rule of Japan his ascension to the throne clearly placed political power under the protection of the Emperor. This period lasted from 1868 until 1912 and led to the modernization of Japan and laid the groundwork for the modern Japanese state of today.
A nickname for Americans are "Yankee's", and in some parts "doughboys". I hope this helps!
