Answer:
I would say the best answer to the question: Aside from religious motivations, many free cities in the Holy Roman Empire found Lutheranism appealing because:___, would be, A: Town councils and guild masters could use reforms as a way to oppose local aristocrats and bishops.
Explanation:
It must be remembered that at the time Lutheranism began to spread in earnest, and take hold of many free city-states from the Holy Roman Empire, there was a generalized disagreeableness towards the Catholic Church not merely on religious grounds, but most importantly, on grounds of divided interests. This means, a lot of wealth, land, power, and social rank, had been derived exclusively towards Catholic bishops, monasteries and Catholic nobles, but most importantly towards the Pope. It also meant that cities were still tied to whatever decisions and considerations a bishop of a city might make, on different topics of city life. However, when Lutheranism spread, and most importantly, replaced Catholicism as the leading faith system, many town councils and guild masters, especially in the realms of what today is Germany, saw the opportunity ot be able to oppose Catholic aristocrats and bishops and institute their authority instead.
Answer:
The statement is describing the usual difference in trade policy that exists between monarchies and republics.
Explanation:
The excerpt comes from the Spirit of the Laws, by Montesquieu, who was a French philosopher who promoted republicanism and liberalism.
In the text, Montesqueiu is explaining than in monarchies, trade is very restricted, and is usually only allowed for luxury goods like perfums, spices, or silk clothes, because these goods are used by the nobility as a symbol of their power and status.
In monarchies, for the rest of the population, trade is restricted. The common people therefore cannot access goods from abroad, or can only do so at a very high cost.
In republics, Montesquieu says, trade tends to be more open. Merchants become the ones who do most of the trade, guided by their economic ideas. The merchants therefore obtain many goods from abroad, that both the nobility and the commoner can acquire for a lower price.
In conclusion, Montesquieu is using the argument for trade as another reason to support republics over monarchies.
They gained power in Hawaii by putting pressure on the king and overthrowing the king.
Hope this helps!
- Juju
