Hypothermia is used widely during open heart surgery due to its cytoprotective effects. In addition to this, other mechanisms of therapeutic hypothermia include suppression of free radicals, inhibition of destructive enzymatic reactions, reduction in metabolic requirements in low-flow regions, and inhibition of the biosynthesis, release, and uptake of excitatory neurotransmitters. Through these mechanisms, hypothermia provides a favorable balance between oxygen supply and demand, slows the onset of ischemic depolarization, decreases the release of ischemic-induced intracellular calcium influx, and suppresses nitric oxide synthase activity.
Hypothermia is widely used in open cardiac surgery not only to protect against perioperative brain ischemia that could potentially develop, but also the myocardium.
Hated revolutions was an effect of conservatism. Also, many people were unwilling to work or accept demands from people who either wanted individual rights or represented the government. The tension and animosity was very high in the country during this time, so in order to maintain peace, "peace meetings" were established. These meeting are now known as the Concert of Europe.
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