Answer:
Aerobic respiration is a process glucose produces energy in the presence of oxygen. In this process glucose is oxidized to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy in the form of ATP.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ = 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)
Three main processes that make up aerobic respiration are:
1. Glycolysis: it takes place in the cytosol of the cell. Here, glucose is oxidized to form three carbon molecule pyruvate. This process produces energy in the form of 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules. These NADH molecules carries 2 energy electrons these electrons are utilized by the electron transport chain.
2. Kreb's cycle: it takes place in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of the cell. Here, the molecules of pyruvate produced during glycolysis is utilized to produce ATP.
3. Electron transport chain: glucose is not entirely converted into ATP. The NADH molecules produce during glycolysis produces 2 energy electrons these electrons are taken up by electron transport chain in the mitochondria inner matrix. A proton gradient develops across the matrix after donation of electrons to electron transport chain. This gradient in turn produces energy in the form of ATP.
Answer:
B) You measure the quantity of the appropriate pre-mRNA in various cell types and find they are all the same.
Explanation:
In the above scenario, we are using the control gene and we should know about the control gene is that its expression is either at transcription level or at translation level. For this situation we should examine the pre-mRNA stage of control gene in various cells because it is control gene so it should be present in various cells.
So, the best practice is to quantify the pre-mRNA level of gene then we can effectively solve the experimental problem and find the gene expression either it is at transcription or translation level.
<span>Epithelial cells in the stomach require the use of coupled transport to make gastric acid. They use hydrogen potassium ATPase, which is an electroneutral pump, and exchanges potassium for hydronium in order to produce the gastric acid.</span>
Answer:
a. People with celiac disease should include foods with dietary fiber such as beans, fruits, vegetables, brown rice, and quinoa.
e. Home-cooked meals are a good way to increase variety and reduce the cost of a gluten-free diet.
Explanation:
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease, as stated above. This disease causes the defense cells of an organism to attack the stomach cells causing an inflammation that is extended and stimulated by the glutem. As a result, the individual has diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, anemia, a feeling of fullness, colic, abdominal discomfort, severe pain and may even develop ulcers and cancers.
Glutem is a protein found in wheat, barley and rye and for that reason, individuals with this disease should avoid these foods or foods derived from them. This type of diet should accompany the sick person for life and they should be encouraged to eat homemade foods that know the origin and composition. In addition, it is necessary that these people feed on dietary fibers, such as beans, fruits, vegetables, brown rice and quinoa.
