Ethics is the branch of philosophy that explores the nature
of moral virtue and evaluates human actions. Philosophical ethics differs from
legal, religious, cultural and personal approaches to ethics by seeking to
conduct the study of morality through a rational, secular outlook that is
grounded in notions of human happiness or well-being. A major advantage of a
philosophical approach to ethics is that it avoids the authoritarian basis of
law and religion as well as the subjectivity, arbitrariness and irrationality
that may characterize cultural or totally personal moral views. (Although some
thinkers differentiate between "ethics," "morals,"
"ethical" and "moral,")
The government may wish to regulate monopolies to protect the interests of consumers. For example, monopolies have the market power to set prices higher than in competitive markets. The government can regulate monopolies through price capping, yardstick competition and preventing the growth of monopoly power.
<span>External users are people outside the business entity (organization) who use accounting information. Examples of external users are suppliers, banks, customers, investors, potential investors, and tax authorities.</span>
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
a. The company's total book value of debt will be:
= Value of debt + Value of zero coupon bonds
= $70 million + $100 million
= $170 million
b. The market value will be:
= Quoted price × Par value
= ($70 × 1.08) + ($100 × 0.61)
= $75.6 + $61
= $136.6 million
c. The aftertax cost of debt will be:
= (1 - Tax rate) × Pre tax cost of debt
= (1 - 35%) × 5.7%
= 65% × 5.7%
= 3.7%
