Dear Sappysmith21, each molecule/compound of table sugar has 12 carbons, 22 hydrogens, and 11 oxygens.
Answer:
46 chromosomes
Explanation:
Humans are diploid organisms i.e. they contain two sets of chromosomes (each set from each parent). Each set is 23 chromosomes, hence, two sets will be 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes. This means that each somatic/body cell will contain 46 individual chromosomes.
According to this question, DNA was extracted from a cheek cell. If one could magnify the extracted material, there would be 46 individual chromosomes from each of these cheek cells, considering that cheek cell is a somatic cell.
Yes, They all are! They all can be the start of something.
Answer/Explanation:
A mutation alters the sequence of DNA. Therefore, the mRNA that is transcribed from the DNA has a different sequence.
This mRNA goes on to be read by the protein synthesis machinery in the cell. The protein synthesis machinery translates the sequence of the mRNA into an amino acid sequence, which makes up the protein.
If the sequence of the mRNA is different, due to a mutation in the DNA, then the cell will translate a different sequence into an amino acid. This alters the composition of the protein.
Mutations can be small, and affect only one amino acid, or they could be huge, and impact the entire protein.
Mutations have very different consequences in gametes vs non-gamete cells.
If a mutation occurs in a gamete, that means the mutation will be passed on to the next generation, as it is contained in the DNA in the egg or sperm that becomes fertilised to make a gamete.
However, mutations that occur in other cells are not passed on to the next generation. That does not mean they do not have effects. E.g. mutations in the skin caused by exposure to UV rays from the sun can contribute to cancer, but would not be passed on to the individual's children
