Chloroplast
Cell wall
Large vacuoles
Answer:
Graph showing known historically active volcanoes, number of volcanoes reported to be active each year, and population. The line labeled "Known Historically Active Volcanoes" (right scale) is the cumulative number of volcanoes with an historically recorded eruption by that year. "Volcanoes Active Per Year" since 1400 CE (black line) and 10-year running mean of same data (thick red line) is also based on reported eruptions (those with uncertainty dates greater than 1 year are not included, nor are uncertain eruptions). "Population" (right scale) is the world's estimated human population; data from McEvedy and Jones (1978) and (since 1750) Population Reference Bureau, Washington, D.C. See text for further explanation.
A dramatic increase in both the number of historically active volcanoes and recorded eruptions took place about 1500 CE. These resulted in part from the great Spanish/Portuguese marine explorations – the Age of Discovery – around the end of the 15th century, when explorers opened Latin America and much of the western Pacific to European record-keeping. Perhaps equally important was the development and widespread distribution of the printing press in the late 15th century, markedly increasing the likelihood that new volcanological records would survive. Through the 17th and into the early 18th century the recognition of additional active volcanoes generally corresponded with steadily increasing eruption reports. By the 18th century global trade was flourishing, the Industrial Revolution was under way, and the heightened reporting of eruptions noticeably accelerated the discovery of new volcanoes. The list has continued to grow, with several important volcanic regions such as New Zealand, Alaska, and Hawaii being unrepresented until the last 250 years.
Explanation:
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Answer:
1/4
Explanation:
In order for a plant to be short and yellow, it needs to have hοmοzygous lowercase letters for height and color.
If the plant had one capital letter for either height, color, or both, this would dominate the recessive gene and would not allow the plant to exhibit the recessive trait.
The short, yellow plant has a genotype of:
The plant that is heterozygous for both traits means that its genotype has both the dominant (capital) and recessive (lowercase) letters.
The heterozygous plant has a genotype of:
We can use a dihybrid crossing of alleles in a 4x4 Punnett square. To figure out which four pairs of alleles to use for crossing, we can FOIL the genotypes of the two plants getting crossed.
- (tt) · (gg) = tg + tg + tg + tg
- (Tt) · (Gg) = TG + Tg + tG + tg
Use these pairs of alleles to cross in the Punnett square. To see which offspring will be short and green, we need to look at the pairs of alleles for the height and color traits separately.
Short plants must have the genotype of tt.
Green plants can have the genotype of GG or Gg.
Look at the Punnett square to see which genotypes are hοmοzygous for the short trait and either hοmοzygous or heterozygous for the green trait.
We can see that the third row of genotypes consist of ttGg, which corresponds to the short and green phenotypes.
Therefore, 1/4 of the offspring will be short and green.