Answer:
1. Inhibiting IP3 channels, leading to decreased Ca2 in the sarcoplasm and reduced contraction.
2. Increasing the relative activity of MLCP, leading to a decrease in tension.
3. Activating K channels, increasing K leaking out of the cell which hyperpolarizes it and decreases the likelihood of Ca2 entry.
Explanation
In smooth muscle, cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediates relaxation because cAMP inhibits a specific kinase required for myosin light chain protein (MLCP) phosphorylation, thereby triggering contraction in the smooth muscles. It has been shown that cAMP inhibits 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent calcium ions (Ca 2+) release by activation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). PKG proteins act to modulate Ca2+ oscillations by stimulating sarcoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase membrane proteins, increasing Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and Ca2+ efflux from the cells, and activate voltage-gated potassium (K) channels, thereby leading to membrane hyperpolarization and reducing Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels.
Lividity can be defined as the typical bluish-purple discoloration of the skin after death. Rigor mortis can be defined as the postmortem state in which the muscles become stiff.
- After death, the stomach contains identifiable ingested foods within two hours.
- Rigor mortis is characterized by the stiffening of the body after death, which is caused by the absence of ATP in muscle tissues.
- Postmortem lividity or livor mortis is caused by the accumulation of blood in blood vessels (the lack of arterial pressure) as a result of gravity.
- The most relevant information to determine the time of death is the presence of lividity, rigor mortis, and/or stomach contents (Option c).
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Answer:
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Answer:
Kidneys
Explanation:
ADH is a chemical produced in the brain that causes the kidneys to release less water, decreasing the amount of urine produced.
<span>B.The existence of vestigial structures
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Vestigial structures have been used for long by evolutionists to support the theory of evolution. These organs are believed to have been in use in the past lives but as the species adapts to new forms of life and lifestyle,the vestige organs becomes obsolete,but are not removed by the body. An example of vestige organs in human being are the appendix,tail bone,and mammalian grands in men.
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