Economists have frequently hypothesized that industrialization and its correlates played a major role in inducing fertility decline in the United States after 1850. ... This leaves changes in the cost of raising children as the likely driver of the industrialization result.
Answer:
The first difference is that industrialization in the United States ocurred much earlier than in Japan, China, and Russia. The U.S. began to industrialize in the mid nineteenth century, while Japan industrialized in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Russia industrialized in the early and mid twentieth century, and China industrialized in the mid and late twentieth century.
Another difference is that the United States industrialized under a market economy system, with low taxation, albeit, high tariffs. This is similar to the model that Japan used to industrialize.
Russia and China did something different. Russia, when it was part of the Soviet Union, industrialized under a planned socialist economy, where the government controlled all enterprises.
China used a mixed strategy, in which state control and economic planning was combined with private investment in some sectors, and in specific geographic locations.
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