The first four Caliphs were Abu Bakr<span>, </span>Umar<span>, </span>Uthman<span>, and Ali
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Image shows black people voting, so the amendment to the US constitution that directly guarantees the right shown in that image is 15th. 15th amendment of the united states constitution granted the right for citizens to not be denied their right to vote by states or federal government based on their race or color.
The correct answer is b. passing ex post facto laws.
Ex post facto laws are those that retroactively change the rules of evidence in a criminal case and increase the punishment of a crime that was legal when committed. This is a violation of Article 1 Section 10 clause 1 of the constitution
Medieval Africa was an evolving world. In early centuries it opened trading routes, experienced new religions, increased literacy among people, and experienced one of the continent's richest periods.
It is a mountain range in the northern most part Africa between the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert. It is the largest desert in all of Africa and is composed of dry sand, and has a lack of water. It is south of the Atlas Mountains and north of the Ahaggar Mountains.
Medieval African farming people lived in closely knit communities and helped each other with tasks. The pattern of family life varied depending on the culture of the group. In some small societies the basic family unit was nuclear family.
As the medieval era started around 500 CE, Rome's power in North Africa and Egypt started diminishing. The traders from the Middle East started bringing Islam to Africa. Africa's treasures of gold, salt, slaves, and ivory had also become known, making the continent a target for more trading and wealth.
Tobacco was use for rituals rather than recreation
