Answer:
38.
Explanation:
All water that are present in soil is not available for the plants. Gravitation water is present in soil due to the gravitational force. The gravitation water remains for short time and cannot be consumed by the plants.
The capillary water is available to the plants and this water is attained in the soil pores. The total water present in soil sample is 100 ml. 62ml is gravitation water. The volume of capillary water = total water - gravitation water = 100 - 62 = 38ml.
Thus, the answer is 38ml.
Answer:
B the plant uses the same genetics code as human
A white dwarf is what stars like the Sun become after they have exhausted their nuclear fuel. Near the end of its nuclear burning stage, this type of star expels most of its outer material, creating a planetary nebula.
Answer:
Ok so an updated overview of what has been learned regarding abiotic effects on different entomopathogen groups during the past 30 years. It focuses on entomopathogens that have emonstrated potential roles in microbial control. Abiotic environmental factors have diverse effects on entomopathogen survival, efficacy, and dispersal in the ecosystem. Extreme temperatures, desiccation, and UV radiation have the most detrimental effects on pathogen survival despite the existence of durable resting stages for most groups. Few field studies have investigated the influence of temperature on the severity and rate of transmission of viral disease. Since low temperatures do not affect the lethality of most baculoviruses, these viruses could be applied for area-wide management to reduce pest populations early or before the start of the growing season, as demonstrated against Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens.
Pathogens of invertebrates, along with their hosts, inhabit all niches throughout the world, in ecosystems ranging from sub‐arctic to arid, temperate, and tropical. The abiotic factors that affect pathogen survival, reproduction, distribution and pathogenic effects on hosts consist of environmental elements such as temperature, moisture, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, habitat characteristics including soil texture, soil type, and pH, as well as chemical inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, and pollutants. In the present chapter, we will provide an updated overview of what has been learned regardingabiotic effects on different entomopathogen groups during the past 30 years. We focus our discussion on entomopathogens that have demonstrated potential roles in microbial control. The abiotic factors discussed complement other influences (biological and genetic, which are described in other chapters) that dictate the prevalence and activity of pathogenic organisms.
