A) encourage lots of little behaviors to add up into one large action
Explanation:
Shaping is the term used to describe a situation where many small behaviors are encouraged to come together in one action.
In this case, to achieve this goal, a researcher manipulates the types of different behaviors to make them emit the same response, ie, these behaviors must come together in a single action. This is widely used in operant discrimination where a specific response only happens in the presence of a specific stimulus, which in the case of shaping is the manipulation of behaviors.
A problem for the absolute rulers was the rise of parliament. A way the rulers could have dealt with this is to bribe the parliament or to have a inside man in the parliament.
