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Graham Sumner is known for his tendencies to defend extreme freedom. Socialism prevents this perspective because it plans the economy. Manifest destiny prevents this perspective because it defends a kind of determinism and the Gospel of Wealth ends up falling into the same mistakes. Sumner would be closer to the idea of "Laissez-faire," since he is also known as a type of libertarian and would therefore defend the free market.
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It was the internal reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev, the last Soviet leader that led to the end of the Cold War
The Civil Rights Act of 1866, 14 Stat. 27–30, enacted April 9, 1866, was the first United States federal law to define citizenship and affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law.
I think the annswer would be b