The Catholic church in Italy was controlled by the medieval popes, and the bishops were often worldly figures to nobles. The controversy of lay investiture was initiated by a decree from Pope Gregory VII in 1075, ended in an 1122 compromise called the Concordat of Worms. Pope Innocent III, in the 1200s, used tools such as spiritual to bring the church to the height of its political power.
Columbus was originally going to sail along the West African coast and around the Cape of Good Hope. But than Columbus had the idea of instead to sail west across the Atlantic instead of around the gigantic African continent.
The reason why Carnegie Steel was an example of Vertical Integration was that the company controlled every step of steel production and distribution.
<h3>What is vertical integration?</h3>
Vertical integration refers to when a company takes over processes along the chain of production and distribution.
Carnegie Steel controlled every step in the steel production chain which meant that it engaged in vertical integration.
Find out more on veritcal integration at brainly.com/question/19815172.
6 agreement by which a knight agrees to be a sub-vassal to vassal in exchange for land
The colonies advertised the middle colonies in Europe to help attract more settlers. People that moved to the middle colonies to escape any type of religious persecutions.
