Every gerund/participle ends in -ing, so you can know for sure that the answer is one of these two. Since here <em>turning </em>is used with an adverbial function (that is, it is basically an adverb - it tells us WHEN Kate bumped into David), the correct answer is B) participial.
Answer:
Complex sentence
Explanation:
Complex sentence is composed of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
Since it takes approximately one thousand years for a used printer cartridge to decompose, recycling these plastic ink dispensers helps the environment. This sentence has one <u>independent clause which is 'recycling these plastic ink dispensers helps the environment' and</u> an adverb clause i.e. 'since it takes approximately one thousand years for a used printer cartridge to decompose'.
The state of being scarce or in short supply; shortage.
"a time of scarcity"