The <span>two ideas that influenced key members of Russia’s noble class while they were living abroad during the Napoleonic Wars are nationalism and socialism.
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The Napoleonic wars created strong nationalist and socialist reactions on the part of the noble populations of the invaded countries, as in the Iberian Peninsula and Russia. The military campaign of Russia represented one of the worst defeats of Napoleon. In spite of the more than 600,000 thousand men sent, the tactic of scorched earth used by the Russians (burning cities and plantations) and the intense cold of 1812 were decisive for the French defeat. Around 100,000 men returned from Russia, showing the demoralization of the Napoleonic army.
