Mercantilism is a form of capitalism. :)
There are a few nicknames for him, but I believe the one you want is: The Great Communicator.
When Pope Urban wanted to wage war against Muslims in the "holy land" Below is a map of the first crusade.
No, it is false that independence from railroads and banks is one way that farming in the United States changed in the late 1800s, since in fact farming became more attached to these industries during this time.