A. the existence of at least one fixed input is the primary difference between short run and long run. It is because in the long run, the quantities of all inputs can be varied.
In economics, the short run can be defined as a concept that states that, within a certain period in the future. In the short run the others are variable while at least one input is fixed. In the other side, long run in economics can be defined as a theoretical concept in which all prices and quantities have fully adjusted and all markets are in equilibrium.
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Answer:
1. Sports Team Shirt - Excludable / Rivalrous
2. Air we breathe - Non - Excludable / Non - Rivalrous
3. Atlantic Bluefin Tuna - Non -Excludable / Rivalrous
4. A Toll Road - Excludable / Non - Rivalrous
Explanation:
A rivalrous good is one in which usage, by an individual limits the ability of another to use the same good. Rival goods are tangible. This means that they can be held or touched. Examples in this category are; A sports team shirt and, the Atlantic Blue Fin Tuna. Eating a Tuna would limit access to another person, who wants to eat Tuna at that point in time. The same would apply to wearing a sports shirt.
A Non - Rivalrous good is one in which usage by an individual does not limit consumption by another. Most non - tangible goods are non -
rivalrous. Examples in this category are; the air we breathe, and the Toll Road. Almost anyone can access these.
Excludable goods are only used after payment for them has been made. Examples are the Toll Road and the Sports Team Shirt.
Non - Excludable goods can be used even when payment has not been made. Examples are Air and The Atlantic Blue Fin Tuna which anyone can access.
C. prototyping, does it makes sense now.
