C: depositing silt, which created rich soul for growing crops.
The success of both would be strongly contributed to by a great deal of luck to begin with. This luck pertains to having the right conditions under which to produce the food and water necessary to support large civilizations and communities. The power and force to gain large areas of land to be drawn into the civilization. The power and force to keep control of neighboring captured and incorporated lands. The dedication of the people, normally gained by having the power and force to provide them with safe and contented lives without worry of invasion and destruction. Without such power and growing force (military) the civilization would have been a single community or oasis in the desert.
Seeing that the fledgling civilization would survive, there was a need for accounting for all the food and supplies collected from the outer regions so they invented writing and a written record to keep track with. This forced organization and removed a great deal of chance related to luck and thus yielded a stronger and more powerful nation. With which more land could be conquered and absorbed into the realm of the nation.
Explanation:
I'll suggest B is the answer
Answer: cultural diversity has its positive impact only if there is democracy, i.e. free movement of goods, ideas, people. If there is this freedom, then Europe is an extremely creative, free and progressive place. Europeans experienced times of nationalism, wars, revolutions so Europe in itself is not a guarantee of creativity, freedom and progressive thinking, but if there is a population able to establish really "European lifestyle" than diversity can have unique consequences.
Explanation: usually there is a tendency to supress differentness, but Europe experiences the worst consequences of such tendency so there is some sort of notion that diversity is creative and productive and that it is worth of taking care of. Impact ? Populations speaking different languages. educated, flexible, able to work with advanced technologies, psychologically open, accostumed to "different" things, able to travel to distant places and learn.
