This question is incomplete, here´s the complete question.
Wei-Chin designed a self-report inventory to measure how intimate partners express affection and hostility toward each other. The inventory is a list of positive behaviors (e.g., back rubs, holding hands) and negative behaviors (e.g., slamming doors, raising voices). After having a wide range of couples complete the inventory, Wei-Chin finds that happy couples endorse all the affection items and unhappy couples endorse all the hostile items. Which of the following problems prevents him from concluding that happy couples exchange more affectionate behaviors than unhappy couples?
1. sentiment override
2. item-overlap problem
3. correlation does not imply causation
4. social desirability effect
Answer: 3. Correlation does not imply causation.
Explanation:
Correlation is a statistical technique that evaluates how much two variables are linearly related, meaning they change together. However, two variables being correlated does not necessarily mean that one causes the other. Causation states that any change in a variable will cause a change in another variable.
The fact that happy couples endorsed all the positive behaviors, and unhappy couples the negative ones, shows that there´s a correlation, but it doesn't necessarily mean that unhappiness causes couples to exchange more negative behaviors, or vice-versa.
Since Saudi Arabia's oil production is controlled by the government then its economy is a command.
The answer to the statement is true for chronological age is
a way of measuring the age of a person in which applies the changes that
happens to one’s self such as physiological changes. This is useful for test
such as psychological test.
The United States presidential election of 1876 was one of the most disputed presidential elections in American history. Samuel J. Tilden of New York outpolled Ohio's Rutherford B. Hayes in the popular vote, and had 184 electoral votes to Hayes' 165, with 20 votes uncounted. In result, It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America.
