1: a state formally cooperating with another for a military or other purpose.
2: combine or unite a resource or commodity with (another) for mutual benefit.
those are two defintions
source of info Goo_gle
The argument relies on claims that are not backed up by facts
THe second sentence is using present participle because you said " I promise" not "promised". Saying promise is when you are saying it at the time and saying promised means you've already said it. Like with how you said "kissed" instead of "kiss" in the first sentence.
3rd one goes with stereotypes
A-Progressive tense Example: I bike everyday. "I am biking today."
