The hemoglobin holoenzyme (active enzyme) is a complex of an iron ion and 4 subunits- 2 hemoglobin alpha and two hemoglobin beta. People with sickle cell disease have mutated beta hemoglobins. The mutation is a single nucleotide exchange, that changes the 6th amino acid of protein primary struture - a Glutamic acid into Valine. This one alteration changes the tree dimentional structure of hemoglobin beta so, that it forms lond fibres that disrupt the normal circular form of the red blood cells.
C. From carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
a volcano is a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.
There are three main types of volcano - composite or strato,shield and dome. Composite volcanoes, sometimes known as strato volcanoes, are steep sided cones formed from layers of ash and [lava] flows. The eruptions from these volcanoes may be a pyroclastic flow rather than a flow of lava.
Answer:
In order for the sodium motive force to provide useful energy for the cell the organism must contain sodium ion gradient or potential across the membrane.
Explanation:
If the concentration of sodium is high in the inter membrane space than that of matrix then a sodium gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The transport of sodium ions from inter membrane space to matrix through the sodium ion channel result in the generation of sodium motive force,that is used to provide energy to the cell.
