Answer:
Escherichia was first isolated and characterized in 1985
Explanation:
Organisms get their energy from different sources depending on where they land in the food chain. This section on How Living Things Get Energy is going to talk about the two big ways that living things get their energy, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis.
Answer;
-Transformation;
-Conjugation
Transduction;
Explanation;
The methods bacteria use to take up foreign DNA that encodes antibiotic resistance includes;
- Transformation; this is the uptake of naked DNA in the environment.
-Conjugation; involves the direct cell to cell contact
- Transduction which is the transfer that is mediated by baceriophage (bacteria viruses)
Answer: insertion
Crossing over is when homologous* chromosomes exchange genes, resulting in gene combinations.
Deletion is when a base pair is deleted from DNA. Insertion is when a base pair is added to DNA. Both insertion and deletion are serious because every amino acid beginning at the mutation will most likely be incorrect. This will lead to a nonfunctional protein.
Base-pair substitution is a substitution of one base pair for another in DNA. The effects of this may be a silent** point, missense*** point, or nonsense**** point.
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<em>*A pair of matching chromosomes. They have the same genes but can have different versions.</em>
<em>**A special case where no amino acids are affected.</em>
<em>***Affects one animo acid. The whole protein structure and function may or may not be disrupted. </em>
<em>****Results in a stop codon that shortens the protein.</em>
