An outline should be made as a "preparation" of the official speech, so it should be written in a formal, clear and coherent language. In addition, the outline should be separated into sections to facilitate the division of the subject into parts and categories that allow the discourse to be more organized. When you divide your speech into categories you will realize that you have divided the categories into topic and subtopic, in which case using the example shown in the question "claim" is a topic and "introduction" and "supporting details" are subtopics, just as "counterclaim" is a topic and "supporting details" and "refuted points" are its subtopics.
The topics of a document should always be numbered with Roman numerals, so we can state that claim and counterclaim should be labeled using Roman numerals.
If you are referring to William Shakespeare's Sonnet 18, it is written in iambic pentameter. This means that there are five metrical feet per line (pentameter) and each foot contains an iamb which is identified by one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable.
