Having something accessible like a heartrate meter. Use your pointer and middle finger and feel on the underside of the side of your chin. Find a beat and that is your pulse, while walking you can count how many times that beats in 30 seconds multiply by 2 and that is your heart rate.
Possibly a mosquito. If not that a spider, or a beetle. If it swells I would go to the hospital
No, heredity essentially involves only traits which are passed on by genes and the genetic expression of genes. This doesn't involve any environmental influences or anything similar. Although this view is outdated and it is today known that environmental influences get also inherited.
All food businesses should keep out flying insects.
The bugs can land on food that is waiting to be served or something worse can happen.