In order to determine the answer for this, we much look at the 4 factors of production: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. When it comes to industrialization, those nations that had these four capitals could easily follow suit. These were mostly those countries that were following the capitalist path. Taking America for example, the North was heavily industrialized due to it having plenty land for industries, labor readily available, capital in terms of investments, and people willing to start industries and businesses. Being a capitalist country, the government encouraged new businesses.
I believe the answer is D. The way the workers were treated by big business and big industry.
The main weapon that enabled the Europeans to conquer vast amounts of territories in distance lands was all the new sicknesses that were brought along with them. As stated in the book Guns, Germs and Steel written by <em>Jared Diamond</em> in 1997. The author explains that the Europeans had the technological advances of the era, such as gun powder, rifles, and cannons, but their most devastating weapon was the side effect of their presence, the presence of foreign bacteria to new populations.