Germany.....?
I will tell you a little bit about what happened. At the end of WWI Germany was made to take blame for WWI. Pay reparations. Have their military cut down and weapons were non existent. This is why WWII happened the Allies disabled them so much they got angry and so the rise of Hitler.
b. a large supply of immigrant labor (Irish and German laborers from the East, and primarily Chinese from the West)
The correct answer is - d. Each answer shown is correct.
The formation of a civilization is a process in which multiple things are included. The basis for it is the agriculture, as it enabled the people to start settling in one place. But in order for it to be classified as a civilization, certain other things have to appear, things that would enable progress, development, higher level of thinking, architecture. The basis for these things to occur are the building of the planned cities, that already showed a level of advancement, as well as the written language, which is the trait that contributed the most to the development of the people, thus becoming a civilization.