The Federalists were opposed to the War of 1812 because it would interfere with British trade relations. The Federalists considered England to be a great commercial ally, and since the Federalists were quite in favor of staying wealthy, they didn't want to risk ruining their connections.
There is no record of any dynasty before the Shang.
Federalist wanted someone with a background in either leading or in politics.
I believe the answer is C.
