First, they wanted to stay out, then they started to help England and France, and finally when Japan attacked they totally got involved.
The answer is: The sea
Back then, the techology that exist to travel by sea was not as developed as it is today. If an empire decided to travel through the sea in order to do some conquests, that empire will risk several things, such as:
- Loss in directions
- The ships could be swallowed by harsh wheather in the middle of the sea
- It need a lot of resources to maintain the armies during the travel
Answer: b) raise the discount rate and buy securities
Joseph Stalin was so paranoid that he ordered somewhere between 600,000 and 1.2 million people just for thinking that they are against the regime. The great purge was an extreme evidence of the paranoia.