Question

Compare and contrast point mutations and chromosome mutations and explain the basis for classifying a mutation as beneficial, neutral, or deleterious.

Answer 1

Point mutation alter the change in single base pair or affect the single amino acid sequence whereas, chromosomal mutation alter the entire chromosomal structure and cause serious disability in a human body.

Further Explanation:

Point mutation is a kind of mutation that occurs in a single nucleotide of nucleic acid. It involves the substitution of single base pair from another that resulted in change in complementary base pair. The process is completed either by insertion and deletion of single base pair from DNA strand. Point mutation occurs in three forms; silent mutation, mis sense mutation and non sense mutation. Silent mutation codes for same amino acid but it don’t have any phenotypic effect, in mis sense mutation base pair code for different amino acid whereas; nonsense codon mutates and form stop codon and cause serious effect.

Chromosomal mutation is completely different from point mutation it affect the complete chromosomal structure. In mainly occur during meiosis and also by some mutagens. The alteration resulted in the change in the chromosome number in a cell and the complete structure of the chromosome is changed. It includes translocation, insertion, deletion, duplication, and inversion. Chromosomal mutation is the reason for Down syndrome and turner syndrome.

Chromosomal alteration have serious effect on human genetic material than point mutation because point mutation alter the change in single base pair or affect the single amino acid sequence whereas, chromosomal mutation alter the entire chromosomal structure and cause serious disability in a human body.

Learn More:

1. Learn more about meiosis brainly.com/question/1600165

2. Learn more about the process of molecular diffusion in a cell brainly.com/question/1600165

3. Learn more about human sperm and egg cell brainly.com/question/1626319

Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subjects: Biology

Topic: Mutation

Keywords:

Point mutation, nucleotide, nucleic acid, substitution, complementary, insertion, deletion, chromosomal, alteration, meiosis, mutagens, duplication, inversion, down syndrome, turner syndrome.

Answer 2

Point mutations are of two types: Substitutions of bases that are the change of one base of DNA by another. And Transitions that are replaced on a pyrrhic basis by another pyrrhic or a pyrimidine by another pyrimidine. Transversions: substitution of a pyrrhic base by another pyrimidine or vice versa. These mutations are negative because they affect only one of the nucleotides, and therefore, only one triplet of bases are affected. When the mutation does not affect the individual it is a silent mutation. Chromosomal mutations Changes in the structure of the diploid chromosomes, where one of the chromosomes has a mutation, will have another normal. They can hinder the process of meiosis in the carrier since it hinders the correct pairing of the homologous chromosomes. It would produce an unfeasible offspring or with mutations.