The answer is: C. an arbitrator
An arbitrator is used when both parties involved in legal conflict have stronger preference in settling their problems outside the court.
Evem though the majority of arbitrators are actually a legal judge, they do not operate under states' or federal command during the arbitration.
1. to contain the soviet expansion
Because the new communist leadership employed more conventional warfare tactics,and its red army was decimated.
Both a and c are reasonable answers, but c is your best.