Christopher Columbus returned from the New World with tales of riches. His stories inspired lots of new explorers to find their own fortune. These Spanish explorers were called conquistadors. The only things they cared about were, Gold, Riches, And new land.
(African american is wrong, so i had to give the right answer.)
"excavating Earth’s surface to reach veins of clean coal" would be the best option because this is done fairly close to the top of the Earth's surface. It's a controversial and dangerous practice.
In Europe, Rivers had the greatest impact on medieval life because they provided both a food source and allowed for the spread of ideas through human movement.