Stimulants are substances that all result in the increase of levels of dopamine in the brain, which is a neurotransmitter that affects attention and pleasure. What this means is that stimulants affect our brain and the way it works by changing the ways that nerve cells communicate.
Neurons (nerve cells) are the cells that have a role in transmitting messages from the brain to other parts of our body, and vice-versa, which is important for pain response, alertness, energy etc.
With long-term use, the use of stimulants would affect the central nervous system (speeding it up), the brain, and the functions necessary to live, like respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature. Levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and GABA, which are responsible for the regulation of different processes, are also impacted, which creates a chemical disbalance ultimately resulting in behavioral changes, mood swings, altered attention, movement and energy, stress etc.
So the part of the body that is affected the most with the long-term use of stimulants like cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine is the brain of course, which is where these substances have the most impact, but the impact on the central nervous system, autonomous nervous system, and neurotransmitter levels is significant.
Explanation:
Primordial organisms did not require oxygen for respiration as is the case with most organisms case today. These organisms were and are still mainly anaerobic. They main form of cellular respiration is glycolysis that does not utilize oxygen. Since other organisms evolved from the primordial cells, it is deduced that the early atmosphere was not mainly composed of oxygen but mainly carbon dioxide.
In today’s aerobic cells oxygen is utilized in the Krebs cycle as a proton acceptor making cellular respiration even more efficient in the production of energy. Remember that, utlimately, organisms evolve to fit into their environment.
Learn More:
For more on the early earth's atmosphere check out;
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Note 1: Balanced forces do not cause alterization motion or movement. This is because of the fact that balanced forces are equal in size and in opposite directions. Consequently, this leads to cancellation and ultimately no movement.The net force for balancing forces is always 0.
Think of it this way: Take your right hand and left hand. Press them together; palm-to palm and five fingers to five fingers. Now apply equal amount of pressure (your force) as you push them in opposite directions (left hand left direction right hand right direction) Does any change in movement occur?
Note 2: Unbalanced forces are the forces that cause change in movement and motion. When two unbalanced forces are exerted in opposite directions, the overall force (or net force) is the difference between the two forces and the direction is in favor for the larger force.
Think of it this way. Repeat the exercise I shown you in Note 1, but this time, make apply more force in comparison to the other hand. Your right/left hand's force overpowers the weaker force of the opposite hand. The direction is in favor to your right/left hand (since they obtain the bigger force) as your hands move to the right or left side. This is an example of unbalanced forces at play.
Q22: The two forces on the left and right side are balanced given that their force is equal in size and they are in opposite directions. The two forces northwards and southwards are unbalanced forces since they are not equal in size but are opposite in direction. Recall in note 2 when I given the formula to find the net force for unbalanced forces. Its the difference (subtraction) between the bigger force and smaller force. 5 - 2 = 3. Therefore the net force for question 22 is 3.The direction is in the bigger force's direction, therefore southwards.
Q24: Is a balanced force. Therefore the net force is 0. I don't think there is technically any direction per say.
Answer:
<h3>MAP OF THE PHILIPPINES</h3>
Explanation:
<h3>#BRAINLIESTBUNCH</h3>
