Answer:
d) The reader will not understand the reference being made.
Explanation:
An allusion is a reference to something well known, usually another piece of literature or art, like books or movies. If someone is not well versed in other books this reference could go over their heads. This could affect the reader's understanding of the text which is why if you are to make an allusion it should be very famous.
The subject is "Maria," because the rest of the sentence is about her.
im pretty sure its the first one
Here, have a helpful copy-paste: the use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, or the like, in exposing, denouncing, or deriding vice, folly, etc. So I believe that the answer your looking for is to illuminate an important issue in a usually humorous fashion, hope this helps