The equatorward bending of height contours for the 500 mb level imply the presence of a trough because this represents a region of overall lower heights. A valley and a trough are hence equivalent in the upper air flow.
A trough is a linear structural depression with lateral length that occurs in geology. A trough can be a small basin or a natural rift, albeit it is lower than a trench. At the edge of tectonic plates, these landforms frequently form.
Trough, an extended depression in the seafloor that differs from oceanic trenches in that it is shallower, shorter, narrower, and topographically more mild. The Papuan Trough's maximum depth is 2,300 m (7,500 feet), while the Banda Trough's maximum depth is 7,440 m.
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The most active volcanoes are located in South America and the bottom of North America
India and Pakistan used to be one country up until 1947 - when the Partition of India happened.
Ever since then their relationship has been very problematic - Kashmir is disputed between the two nations, and their relationship can be described as competition (for example they both have nuclear arms and had a kind of unofficial competition over who has more ).
