The answer is d because the Mesoptomians also known as Sumerians believed in an afterlife that was dusty and gloomy, and they believed the afterlife was like this due to the fact that their rivers flooded uncontrollably. Remember at this time they saw the rivers as their gods and since the Euphrates and Tigris flooded uncontrollably they thought their God was always mad at them, which is why they would see him as more threatening. The Egyptians however were located around the Nile river which flooded controllably, thus they thought that their God was protective of them because he allowed them to thrive.
To sum it up Mesoptamia=threatening Egyptians=protective
Because each state acted as if they were independent state’s and the national government was weak because the people We’re afraid of a ruling like Britain
