The answer is d.special-purpose
Constitutional monarchy developed in England because the Magna Carta placed limits on the Kings in 1215. Gradually the idea of a Parliament began to take shape, which, little by little, removed powers from the monarchs. In 1649, King Charles I rebelled, found that he had unlimited powers, raised taxes as much as he could, and as a result was judged as a traitor and executed. After a period of exception, the monarchy was reinstituted with its son, Charles II, in the power. The message was clear: the monarchy could not and could not aspire to be absolute, thus passing to constitutional monarchy.
This kind of monarchy did not develop in Russia because the monarchy was overthrown during the Russian revolution and was never restored. In its place the Bolshevik Party took over.
Newly industrialized and suffering from World War I, Russia had a large mass of workers and peasants working hard and earning little. In addition, Tsar Nicholas II's absolutist government disliked the people who wanted a less oppressive and more democratic leadership. The sum of the factors led to popular demonstrations that caused the monarch to resign and, at the end of the process, gave rise to the Soviet Union, the first socialist country in the world, which lasted until 1991.
Answer: The principle of "separate but equal"
Explanation: In the court case <em>Plessy v. Ferguson</em>, the doctrine of "separate but equal" was declared constitutional and legal, even under the Fourteenth Amendment.
