Answer:
Option D, 4,2,1, 3
Explanation:
The mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) comprises of four membrane bound complexes and it involves the following steps
a) RC complexes (RCC) I and II reduces the RC’s equivalent where RCCI i.e receives electron from the NADH.
b) These electrons are then transferred to the flavin mononucleotide factor and then passed on to the Fe-S embedded cluster .
c) These electron reduces the coenzyme Q to ubiquinol
d) With in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), protons are trans located from IMM to the intermembrane space (IMS)
e) RC complex II then transfer electron from succinate to the cofactor FAD
f) From FAD proton are transferred to the FeS cluster and on the other hand electron move from QH2 to the RC complex III
g) This RC complex III give its electrons to the cytochrome and they are further passes on to the RC complex IV
h) With four redox centers, the terminal RC complex translocate protein by using energy produced in electron transfer thereby converting oxygen into water.
Hence, the correct option is D
Answer:
the shaft and the bone marrow
Explanation:
A hard outer layer called cortical (compact) bone, which is strong, dense and tough. 2. A spongy inner layer called trabecular (cancellous) bone. This network of trabeculae is lighter and less dense than compact bone.
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Answer:
Causal association is defined as two events in which one event leads to the cause/development of the second event such as the consumption of trans-fats and the onset of heart disease. In order to show the causal association, it is necessary to ensure that the 3 criteria of temporality, consistency, and strength are satisfied with respect to the relationship between consumption of trans fats and heart disease. According to this example involving the relationship between trans-fats and heart disease, temporality could be satisfied if one is consuming an excessive amount of foods containing trans-fats such asFrench fries, and who then ends up suffering from heart disease. In order to fulfill the criteria of strength, statistical tests would need to be performed in order to establish that there is a positive correlation between the individuals who consume trans-fats 10 times per week are shown to develop and require treatment for heart disease 90% of the time. Lastly, consistency may be fulfilled by showing that the same results are occurring despite applying the same testing measures on different groups of individuals during various increments. By applying the same tests on different groups, the chances of creating false-positives within the study can be significantly lowered. Numerous studies can be used to determine whether meaningful statements regarding the causal relationship between two factors can be established. By performing multiple studies on individuals’ eating habits and their health outcomes, researchers may then determine whether a relationship exists between the health challenges that they are faced with and the items that they consume.
Explanation:
<span>I suspect this question should read "How long does a red blood
cell live." A red blood cell lives for between 100 and 120 days. It
takes 7 days for a new red blood cell to develop from stem cells. Stem
cells are similar to base cells. They can also be seen as a general
template from which specialized cells are made. Stem cells can be taken
from a newborn baby's umbilical chord or extracted from an adult blood
donor's blood.</span>
