<span>Talking on the phone, I heard the doorbell ring. </span>The doorbell rang while I was talking on the phone.
Both of these sentences are correct and do not use dangling modifiers. In the first one, "I" is the correct descriptor of the person talking on the phone, so it makes sense. The second sentence is even clearer.
Poe's narrator descends into madness early on in the story and from then on, he experiences psychological turbulence that results in the murder of his wife and his own imprisonment for life.