Index fossils (also known as guide fossils, indicator fossils or zone fossils) are fossils used to define and identify geologic periods (or faunal stages).
The effect of land development on biodiversity has resulted in the habitat destroyed, the ecosystem is destroyed, species extinctions, and overexploited.
An increase in urbanization, human activities is the main cause of land development and this has affected biodiversity.
development in land includes activities such as clearing of land, increasing the intensity of a landscape, removal of vegetation, filling of the land, grading, construction, dredging has resulted in the loss of wildlife, affected the biota, threatened the ecosystems, species.
