According to Esaias, the changes aren’t just dramatic, they’re also kind of scary. The fertility of most flowering plants, including nearly all fruits and vegetables, depends on animal-mediated pollination. As the pollinators move from flower to flower for nectar--a high-energy, sugary enticement—the plants dust them with pollen, which the animals transfer from flower to flower.
Color patterns can be thought of as mosaics of different-sized, form, brilliant, and colored patches. A number of natural conditions, including ambient light, watercolor, viewing distance, and the visual capabilities of guppies and three of their predators, were used to assess how noticeable guppy color patterns were.
A particular color pattern element (patch reflectance )'s spectrum, the medium's transmission spectrum, and the ambient light spectrum that strikes the patch all interact to determine the light spectrum that reaches the eye's surface (air or water).
The light at distance x from the patch that reaches the eye at any given wavelength, I, is the result: Q(& x) is the photon flux from the patch reaching the eye (patch radiance), and Q(A) is the photon flux of ambient light incident on the patch.
Predation intensity varies spatially with guppy color patterns, which are influenced by the make-up of the predator communities (Endler, 1978). As a result, calculations were made independently for the color patterns of guppies that are unique to three different predator communities.
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