Write a program that produces a Caesar cipher of a given message string. A Caesar cipher is formed by rotating each letter of a
message by a given amount. For example, if your rotate by 3, every A becomes D; every B becomes E; and so on. Toward the end of the alphabet, you wrap around: X becomes A; Y becomes B; and Z becomes C. Your program should prompt for a message and an amount by which to rotate each letter and should output the encoded message.
1 answer:
Answer:
Here is the JAVA program that produces Caeser cipher o given message string:
import java.util.Scanner; //to accept input from user
public class Main {
public static void main(String args[]) { //start of main function
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); //creates object of Scanner
System.out.println("Enter the message : "); //prompts user to enter a plaintext (message)
String message = input.nextLine(); //reads the input message
System.out.println("Enter the amount by which by which to rotate each letter : "); //prompts user to enter value of shift to rotate each character according to shift
int rotate = input.nextInt(); // reads the amount to rotate from user
String encoded_m = ""; // to store the cipher text
char letter; // to store the character
for(int i=0; i < message.length();i++) { // iterates through the message string until the length of the message string is reached
letter = message.charAt(i); // method charAt() returns the character at index i in a message and stores it to letter variable
if(letter >= 'a' && letter <= 'z') { //if letter is between small a and z
letter = (char) (letter + rotate); //shift/rotate the letter
if(letter > 'z') { //if letter is greater than lower case z
letter = (char) (letter+'a'-'z'-1); } // re-rotate to starting position
encoded_m = encoded_m + letter;} //compute the cipher text by adding the letter to the the encoded message
else if(letter >= 'A' && letter <= 'Z') { //if letter is between capital A and Z
letter = (char) (letter + rotate); //shift letter
if(letter > 'Z') { //if letter is greater than upper case Z
letter = (char) (letter+'A'-'Z'-1);} // re-rotate to starting position
encoded_m = encoded_m + letter;} //computes encoded message
else {
encoded_m = encoded_m + letter; } } //computes encoded message
System.out.println("Encoded message : " + encoded_m.toUpperCase()); }} //displays the cipher text (encoded message) in upper case letters
Explanation:
The program prompts the user to enter a message. This is a plaintext. Next the program prompts the user to enter an amount by which to rotate each letter. This is basically the value of shift. Next the program has a for loop that iterates through each character of the message string. At each iteration it uses charAt() which returns the character of message string at i-th index. This character is checked by if condition which checks if the character/letter is an upper or lowercase letter. Next the statement letter = (char) (letter + rotate); is used to shift the letter up to the value of rotate and store it in letter variable. This letter is then added to the variable encoded_m. At each iteration the same procedure is repeated. After the loop breaks, the statement System.out.println("Encoded message : " + encoded_m.toUpperCase()); displays the entire cipher text stored in encoded_m in uppercase letters on the output screen.
The logic of the program is explained here with an example in the attached document.
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<h2>Answer:</h2><h2></h2>
//import the Random and Scanner classes
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
//Begin class definition
public class ChangeUp {
//Begin the main method
public static void main(String args[]) {
//Initialize the empty array of 6 elements
int [] numbers = new int [6];
//Call to the populateArray method
populateArray(numbers);
} //End of main method
//Method to populate the array and print out the populated array
//Parameter arr is the array to be populated
public static void populateArray(int [] arr){
//Create object of the Random class to generate the random index
Random rand = new Random();
//Create object of the Scanner class to read user's inputs
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
//Initialize a counter variable to control the while loop
int i = 0;
//Begin the while loop. This loop runs as many times as the number of elements in the array - 6 in this case.
while(i < arr.length){
//generate random number using the Random object (rand) created above, and store in an int variable (randomNumber)
int randomNumber = rand.nextInt(6);
//(Optional) Print out a line for formatting purposes
System.out.println();
//prompt user to enter a value
System.out.println("Enter a value " + (i + 1));
//Receive the user input using the Scanner object(input) created earlier.
//Store input in an int variable (inputNumber)
int inputNumber = input.nextInt();
//Store the value entered by the user in the array at the index specified by the random number
arr[randomNumber] = inputNumber;
//increment the counter by 1
i++;
}
//(Optional) Print out a line for formatting purposes
System.out.println();
//(Optional) Print out a description text
System.out.println("The populated array is : ");
//Print out the array content using enhanced for loop
//separating each element by a space
for(int x: arr){
System.out.print(x + " ");
}
} //End of populateArray method
} //End of class definition
<h2>Explanation:</h2>
The code above is written in Java. It contains comments explaining the lines of the code.
This source code together with a sample output has been attached to this response.
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java
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