Turbidity. As your book/question states it is a measurement of cloudiness in water.
1. Full disarming. Germany basically agreed to have no standing army whatsoever.
2. Germany lost over half of it's territory in the treaty.
3. Germany had to pay A LOT of money in damages + interest.
Answer:
Machines like Tammany Hall accepted bribes, took graft, and helped people in exchange for votes.