Mannerism is a confusing term, subject to radically different interpretations but generally used to describe the art in Italy which directly succeeded that of the Renaissance and preceded the Baroque. Its first widespread use, in the 17th century, was pejorative, implying an over-elaborate distortion, an imbalance, and a neurosis first discerned in the later work of Michelangelo and in the followers of Raphael.
"Typical" Mannerist painters were artists such as Parmigianino, with his elegant elongation of the human form, and Pontormo, whose compositions exhibit a disturbing psychological tension. This essentially negative view held sway until the mid-20th century when John Shearman propounded an alternative theory whereby maniera ("style" in English, originating in French manière and borrowed from the French courtly literature of manners) should be equated with skill and the overcoming of difficulty. He cited impressive historical proof of the positive connotations of the term: a sonnet of 1442 listing maniera among the heaven-sent gifts of Pisanello, Vasari, (1552) including it as one of the five qualities which made his century, the 16th, superior to the preceding one. Although ‘Mannerism’ is mainly applied to Italian art, there was also ‘Northern Mannerism,’ used to describe the work of north European artists such as Goltzius, Uytewael, and Spranger active in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, whose twisting, intricate compositions reached a large audience through the highly accomplished prints made after them by printmakers such as Müller and Sadeler. Many of these artists worked from the 1580s onwards for the Emperor Rudolf II at his court in Prague.
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The second one is the answer
Answer:
Ans1.Discuss the difference between "Appropriation" and "Memeification" in the article from I Care If You Listen.
2.Read the article from Variety and explain how Erroll Garner's lawsuit was an important first step for black artists.
3.Read the New York Times article and discuss some of the ways that black music has been presented through non-black artists. Describe the example of a BLACK performer performing in "blackface". Describe Nat King Cole's experience in performing on TV.
4.Discuss the nature of the pushback that Elvis Pressley experienced by some white listeners. Give some examples of the appreciation he had with some black listeners.
5.Watch the Grapevie video and discuss five different viewpoints about Bruno Mars' cultural and musical appropriation.
Explanation:
Bruno Mars found himself caught in a heated debate about cultural appropriation over the weekend after an activist accused the "24K Magic" star of being a culture vulture profiting off of traditionally black music.
"Cultural appropriation," according to the Cambridge Dictionary, is "the act of taking or using things from a culture that is not your own, especially without showing that you understand or respect this culture."
Bruno Mars' mother is Filipina and his father is Puerto Rican and Jewish
But the Grammy-winning star is known for blending elements of funk, soul, R&B, regg
Explanation:
b. increased production of studs and spikes around the world
