The U.S. government's<span> policies towards </span>Native Americans<span> in the second half </span>of the<span> nineteenth century</span>were<span> influenced by the desire to expand westward </span>into<span> territories occupied by </span>these<span> Native </span>American<span>tribes. By the 1850s nearly all Native </span>American<span> tribes, roughly 360,000 in number, lived to the </span>west of theMississippi Yet, only fourteen months later, Jackson prompted Congress to pass the Removal Act, a bill that forcedNative Americans<span> to </span>leave<span> the </span>United States<span> and settle in the Indian Territory </span>west of the<span> Mississippi River. Many Cherokee tribes banded together as an independent nation, and challenged this legislation in </span>U.S. courts<span>The Chickasaw </span>were<span> considered by the </span>United States<span> (</span>US<span>) as one </span>of the<span> Five Civilized Tribes, as they adopted numerous practices of European </span>Americans. Resisting European-American<span> settlers encroaching on </span>their<span> territory, the Chickasaw </span>were<span> forced by the </span>US<span> to sell </span>their<span> country in 1832 and</span>move<span> to Indian Territory </span>
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