One advantage of genetic engineering is the production of valuable proteins: recombinant DNA made possible the use of bacteria to produce proteins of medical importance such as genetically engineered human insulin which is of great importance.
Another advantage is the production of vaccines. Vaccines produced by genetic engineering offer an advantage that the microbial strains from which proteins are extracted do not contain complete viruses and thus there is no risk of accidental inoculation with live virus.
Cell membrane proteins that occur inside the lipid bilayer are called structural proteins.
Letter A is the answer.
Probably it is b because they are together and in the crossing over they can't be together. But I'm not sure. I'm sorry!
Osmosis is the movement of water from low to high concentration; thus requiring ATP. :)