macrophage are immune system cells that patrol the blood and body tissues. when a macrophage finds a foreign invader, the macrophage ingests (takes in) the foreign invader and then chemically digests (breaks down) that foreign invader. to perform this frequent chemical digestion, macrophage have more than the average body cell is
Macrophages are immune system cells that are vital to the development of non-specific defense mechanisms that provide the first line of defense against pathogens. These large immune cells are present in nearly all tissues and actively remove dead and damaged cells, bacteria, cancerous cells, and cellular debris from the body.
What is Macrophages?
Macrophages are specialized cells that hunt for, engulf, and kill bacteria and other dangerous organisms. They can also activate other cells by releasing substances known as cytokines, which present antigens to T cells and start an inflammatory response.
Blood monocytes that leave the bloodstream to differentiate in various organs give rise to macrophages. Each macrophage population exhibits significant variety, which most likely reflects the level of specialization necessary for each tissue's environment.
To learn more about Macrophages
brainly.com/question/12028327
#SPJ4
The amount of the 30 gram-sample that will remain after 270 years is 6.61 grams
<h3>How to determine the number of half-lives </h3>
We'll begin by obtaining the number of half lives that has elapsed. This can be obtained as follow:
- Half-life (t½) = 96 years
- Time (t) = 270 years
- Number of half-lives (n) =?
n = t / t½
n = 270 / 99
n = 2.8125
<h3>How to determine the amount remaining </h3>
- Original amount (N₀) = 30 grams
- Number of half-lives (n) = 2.8125
- Amount remaining (N) =?
The amount remaing can be obtained as follow:
N = N₀ / 2^n
N = 30 / 2^2.8125
N = 6.61 grams
Learn more about half life:
brainly.com/question/26374513
#SPJ1
Answer:
One of the factors for the development of pyelonephritis, in addition to E. coli, is urinary retention and reflux (option a).
Explanation:
Pyelonephritis is an infection of the upper urinary tract caused by bacteria in the urine, such as Escherichia coli.
Under normal conditions, urine in the urinary bladder is aseptic, that is, without bacteria. The presence of bacteria in the urine indicates a urinary infection.
Urinary retention is the limitation of the expulsion of urine from the bladder. This promotes:
- <em>An increase in the amount of bacteria present in the bladder.
</em>
- <em>The pressure generated by urine retention causes the bladder to generate a retrograde flow - reflow - towards the ureters, leading the bacteria to the kidneys.
</em>
The result of urinary retention and reflux - when bacteria are present - is an infection in the upper urinary tract, called pyelonephritis.
Learn more:
Urinary tract infection brainly.com/question/4756206
The upper most layer is the canopy
