In the eighteenth century, the freedom of the press is really restricted.
During that period, a king could hand a press in public without having any actual proof with the basis of dishonest reporting.
The freedom of press only started to develop when civilization entered the 21th century
Because of the Shogun period, the emperors became weaker because shoguns held power, while their regents gained more power as they worked with shoguns. The nobles got more land like in most feudal societies which resulted in more power while the peasants started paying more taxes because of the implemented system.
The answer is mudslinging. Think of it this way, when you sling mud at someone, you're not making them look pretty. Hope this helped. :)
The spartans were praised and respected for their excellent military power
Well the first one, and the fourth one.