<span> Jim Crow laws were challenged by African Americans in court. However, the Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional. </span>
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The Magna Carta an important document of the basic rights of citizens that declared no one was above the rule of law, not even the king. It guarantees the rights of individuals, the right to justice and the right to a fair trial.
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Characteristics of the Post-Classical Period This new time period was characterized by the spread of monotheism and civilization. Religions like Christianity, Islam and Buddhism spread from their initial centers, as more and more people converted. Civilization spread to more and more people also during the post-classical period.
There were many factors that allowed the Byzantine Empire to last a 1000 years after the end of the Roman Empire which include the fact that Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, was protected with walls that lasted almost the entire 1000 years, making Constantinople, and the center of the empire's economy/culture impervious to invaders.
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The main reason why Christianity spread in the Byzantine Empire is that decades prior to the emergence of the Empire, Roman Emperor Constantine made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire, with they Edict of Milan, which he decreed in 313 AD.
We must remember that the Byzantine Empire is simply the Eastern Roman Empire, and when the Middle Ages started, the Byzantine Empire held land that had been christianizing for a over a century. Only a few areas of the Empire had to christianized in the Middle Ages, essentially areas at the edges of the Empire.